| - Collective term for cytosol and organelles contained within
- Colloidal suspension
- Cytosol mainly composed of water with free-floating molecules
- Viscosity constantly changes
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| Centrioles
- Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules - Involved in cellular division - Lie at right angles to each other |
| Chloroplasts - A plastid usually found in plant cells - Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place |
| Cytoskeleton - Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells |
| Endoplasmic reticulum - Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane - Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface |
| Golgi apparatus - Protein 'packaging plant' - A membrane structure found near nucleus - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac |
| Lysosome - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates - Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal - Vary in shape depending on process being carried out - Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes |
| Mitochondria - Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae - Controls level of water and other materials in cell - Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea |
| Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Miniature 'protein factories' - Composes 25% of cell's mass - Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum - Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm
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| Vacuoles - Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal - Contains water solution - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms) |